In the Karachi region of Sindh Kohistan, flood plains of ephemeral rivers and hill torrents are potential areas of exploring earliest farming settlements in the region. Malir River valley is one the area where several Neolithic settlements were discovered. This paper provides an overview of past exploration and recent discoveries of flint implements and potteries in different sites of the Malir valley which confirms this view that earliest farming settlements not only flourish in the perennial river valleys of Pakistan but also in the rain fed areas and seasonal river valleys of Sindh.

The US Drone Strikes in FATA have been carried out since 2004. They are basically conducting against the hideouts of militants in tribal belt, which are fighting against the NATO forces in Afghanistan and targeting security forces in Pakistan. The accuracy and preciseness of the US Drone strikes are up to mark. Whereas; on the basis of wrong information those strikes sometime target innocent people or indirectly cast impact over the socio economic fabric of the society, like killing of the single bread earner of a family compel the young children to roll back their education and start searching for the haunt of job.

This research describes the education sector of Balochistan in relation with fiscal allocation. It establishes a relationship of the quality and quantity of teachers and schools with literacy rate, then literacy rate with education budget of the province. For this study, two different methodological approaches are used, such as the qualitative method based on interviews of experts and past research findings. The quantitative method based on secondary data obtained from directorate of education and finance department government of Balochistan. According to this paper education in Balochistan is facing a shortage of schools, especially for girls, a shortage of trained teachers, a shortage of middle and secondary schools, and too many „single-teacher? and/or overcrowded schools. The empirical results suggests a weak correlation of education budget with literacy rate but a strong relationship of literacy rate with schools and teachers at middle and secondary levels. A cumulative decrease of 3% in literacy rate has been observed for 2012 to 2014 under the specification of maximum education budget as compared with past. The purpose of this study is to explore the co-relation of funding and vast geography which is directly or indirectly affecting the education sector in Balochistan.

This paper intended to investigate possible extrinsic factors that affected the motivation of learners of English as a Second Language at a public sector college in Jamshoro. Deci and Ryan in 1985 propounded the Self-Determination. They introduced the concepts of intrinsic and extrinsic types of motivation in it. Intrinsic being inner pleasure while extrinsic being external reward or punishment that regularize motivation .This paper investigated possible extrinsic factors that affect the motivational level of the ESL learners. The research methodology applied was quantitative. Two variables: Course Contents and Teachers? Competence were adapted from the Sakai and Kikichu Model (2009) and a six point Likert Scale questionnaire was designed as a research instrument. A total number N=147of subjects filled in questionnaires. The data were analyzed using the SPSS Software Version 20. Basic descriptive statistics of mean, standard deviation and percentage were evaluated and compared between the factors. The results revealed that the course contents affected the motivation more than the teachers? competence.

This study explores the phonological differences between Pakistani English and British English in terms of English words which are frequently used in newspapers, media, and education and in other institutions of Sindh province of Pakistan. The study investigates, by giving participants a list of commonly used English words, the phonological differentiation between the Sindhi speakers and native speakers of English language according to Received Pronunciation (RP). It can be said that Sindhi English is a kind of variety within the Pakistani English variety. The study examines the cognitive management to pronounce English words of Sindhi speakers (for example, they follow the RP or not) and what is the difference between Sindhi speakers of English and native speakers of English? This study also shows how first language effects on the pronunciation of second language.

In accordance with the Islamic law, Islamic banking is an activity, govern by Islamic rules and regulations and practically applicable through development of Islamic economics. The Islamic banking system (IBS) reveals encouraging system in the arena of financial system. This is competing with the established interest based conventional system (CBS). The Islamic Banking System (IBS) is becoming vital source of landing for individual and states. Through this system customers are very responsive in nature of availing the services to emerging Islamic Banking System (IBS) which is based on tenets of Islam and consistent with the human-nature that always preferred welfare, justice and transparent approach in their daily life and also justify the legitimate way of spending so has to contribute towards establishment of welfare society. This research highlights the growing trend of the emerging banking system in the Pakistan as well as around the world.

This study analyzes and evaluates the role of political parties of the region. The study reviews the role of the parties in historical perspective. During this research work the primary data was collected through the questionnaire that at what extent the people of Sindh supported the claim. The total number of participants who filled the Questionnaire was 422; from six Divisions and 29 Districts of Sindh. The scales were fixed for assessing the opinion of the people of Sindh for the role of the parties for creating social awareness in the region.

The purpose of the study is to identify librarians? attitudes of the public sector universities of Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan, toward the marketing of library products and services. The data was collected through a self-constructed questionnaire based on literature review administered to all the professional library staff working in the public sector universities of Jamshoro. Results of this study indicated a positive attitude towards marketing information products and services. The respondents believed that an effective marketing programme depends on firm determination and team work. Most of the libraries of the public sector universities of Jamshoro were short of finances to be spent for marketing purposes. It was revealed by most of the respondents that information growth and budget deficit have made librarians to adopt marketing. The findings of the study showed that ICTs have made the marketing of library resources and services a necessity. Moreover, shrinking budgets of libraries, information explosion, and unfamiliarity of the users with library resources and services and resources constraints were the major factors responsible for marketing information products and services.

Migration is conceived as human mobility from one place to another preferable place. The migration is broadly divided into two main streams. First one is voluntary migration that is migration by choice and second one is involuntary migration which caused by forced to leave the land of inheritance. This article explains the major causes of involuntary migration and its related different terms used around the world such as Refugees, Asylum Seekers, Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs), Development Displaces, environmental and Disasters Displaces, Smuggled People and Trafficked People. The Study reveals that major contribution of migration induced by conflicts and violence 28.8 million people in 2012 and during the five years (from 2008 to 2012) 143.9 million people migrated due to natural disasters, this figure taken from 125 countries. In addition, people are uprooted on the name of development projects which contributes 250 million in 1990s and also the figure highlighted that every year 15 million people migrated globally in the 21st century. The largest development displaces are reported from India (60 million people) and China (40 million people).

Political participation is an activity and action of an individual towards political system. Women participation as the name suggests deals with the strength of women in all fields of life. These fields can range from education to politics and from social to defense. The participation and involvement of women in politics is creating an example of liberal democratic world. More than fifty states in the whole world also announced for women a special quota for the selection of politics and many other fields because these countries want to promote feminist theory. The research paper deals with the policies of Shinawatra hence to prove the empowerment of women in politics in Asia under the age of globalization. The particular research is related to the comparative analysis of Thailand prime minister Yingluck Shinawatra and Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto and to prove the women empowerment in the light of their policies and their powers functioned by them in their respective countries.

Ancient history of Sindh dates back to Bronze age civilization, popularly known as Indus valley civilization, which speaks of glorious past of Sindh. Sindh was a vast country before the invasion of Arabs. King was the administrative head in the political setup of the country. Next in power to the king was the minister who exercised great influence over the monarch. King was also the commander of his army. Though king acted as the supreme judge of the country, yet he followed systematic manner in dispensing the justice. The society was divided into two broad classes. The sophisticated upper class consisted of ruling rich and their poets and priests. The lower class consisting of peasants, weavers, tanners, carpenter smiths and itinerant trades men. Family system was patriarchal; women enjoyed a high position in patriarchal society who had liberty to choose their mate. Sindh was a prosperous and fertile country, with flourishing trade. Sindh was abode of various religious groups and sects before the advent of Arabs. On the eve of Arab conquest of Sindh there was rivalry between Hinduism & Buddhism. People of Sindh being unsatisfied by the rule of Brahmans came into contact with Arab invaders and helped them to succeed Brahmans.

Sindhi people are tolerating forbearing and famous for their good practices of hospitality. There is always a guest house (Otaque) at village level in Sindh society where guests are served delicious food with simplicity. The welcoming moments of the male and female guests are bringing many sensitizations and lovable feelings when they are presented with indigenous cultural gifts like Sindhi cap and Ajrak. These human values and good traditional practices reflect about Sindh as piece of land with vigorous seed of spirituality. This congenial seed was spread on Sindh with the friendly visits of Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai along with his disciples. He observed the social and cultural dynamic values of common people who were living for flung areas in Sindh. He composed his poetry in the language of the common people. Shah did not prefer luxury life but he faced many hardships during the travel in far and wide areas. His poetry highlights social conditions of people living in Sindh where social and cultural values are presented in each chapter of poetic collection. Shah?s poetry is a chief source of offering folk-wisdom to those people who are not formally educated but they keep all good qualities of a well-educated person. The poetry sensitizes people to own their peculiarities with good character building customs in present times as well. The poetry has been travelling in oral and written forms with much of interest of readers which are very rare phenomenon. Many nonliterate women are participating in scholarly discussions with references of Shah?s verses generally they keep memorizing very difficult words. This is largely rendered and discussed in literary forms. The exploration of good values and traditions from Shah?s in the field of social sciences will perform some characters building qualities to our future generations to bring peace, tolerance and respect for the societies.

In order to assess the development tendency in teaching methods adopted in private and government secondary schools, the study was carried out during 2014 in Tandojam district Hyderabad (Sindh) as the area of study. Forty students were divided into two groups such as: experimental group (attended teacher with modernized/innovative teaching methods) and control group (attended teacher having traditional teaching methods). Using a checklist, the impacts and students? perceptions were assessed. 10th class students of private and government secondary schools were evaluated to study impact of teaching methods on learning concepts of the students. Modernized English teaching techniques and conventional teaching were compared on English subject. The respondent students? ability to learning concepts in relation to English subject was tested on the basis of their conceptual as well as traditional way of test. In conceptual test for English subject, experimental students secured 71.15% (SD ±5.6154, S.E.±1.3004) and control group secured 58.55% marks (SD= ±4.8165, S.E. ±1.0772) indicates that students attended innovative teaching methods in class acquired 12.60% higher marks in the conceptual test than those attended conventional teaching methods. In test based on traditional questions, experimental group secured 69.95 %marks (SD=±4.9468, S.E.±1.1061) and students of control group secured 68.75% marks (SD=±4.0115, S.E.±0.8570) showing 1.20% difference in favour of students attended modernized English teaching methods. The performance of students attended teachers using innovative teaching methods performed very well in concept paper as well as in the traditional test. The performance of control group students was poor in test based on concept paper, but performed well in the tradition test. High majority experimental group rated all innovative teaching methods adopted at their schools as „good? and „satisfactory? but fewer gave „unsatisfactory? opinion. The majority of the control group students rated modern teaching methods as „unsatisfactory? at their schools.

Shah Abdul Latif was a great poet, intellectual, mystic, saint and a true lover of Holy Prophet. His poetry conveys a message of humanity brimmed up with content. God dwells in every heart of men. Says Latif, God resides in hearts, we need to identify Him. Holy Quran is source of guidance. Shah Sahib composed his poetry by following Holy Quran. Therefore, directly or indirectly it reflects Holy Quran. He says: lines.PNG Baits of Shah Sahib are brimmed up with innovation and individuality. His way of expression is marvelous in all regards of art, solicitude, pragmatics, literature and language. His poetry is undulating like a popply ocean. He says in one of his melodies. Lines11.PNGLines12.PNG It defines that life is name of continuous and untiring effort. One who follows pantheism faces many obstacles but God helps him who follows the path of pantheism. When a vertible seeker tries to get something he achieves destination. Continuous struggle bestows destination and man becomes content.